A Polar Explotlrer comprehension & exercise. 6th class chapter 3.
A COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the following questions.
a. What did Amundsen's mother want him to be? Did he follow her wishes?
Answer: His mother wanted him to be a doctor. He initially followed her wishes by studying medicine, but he quit after she passed away to pursue his dream of being an explorer.
b. What gave Amundsen the inspiration to be an explorer? How did he prepare for this as a child and as an adult?
Answer: He was inspired by the adventures of British explorer Sir John Franklin. As a child, he slept with his windows open in the freezing winter to toughen himself. As an adult, he lived with the Inuit (Eskimos) to learn essential survival skills.
c. What key skills did Amundsen learn about survival? Look at the fourth and sixth paragraphs.
Answer: He learned how to use sled dogs for transport, how to wear animal skins to stay warm, and how to hunt for fresh meat to prevent scurvy.
d. What made it difficult to pass through the Northwest Passage? What helped Amundsen achieve it?
Answer: The passage was difficult due to shallow waters, shifting ice, and extreme cold. Amundsen succeeded by using a small, shallow-draft boat (the Gjøa) and applying the survival skills he learned from the Inuit.
e. When did Amundsen get to the North Pole?
Answer: He reached the North Pole by airship (the Norge) in 1926.
f. What did Amundsen's companions mistake the Eskimos for? Why?
Answer: They initially mistook them for caribou (reindeer) because of the distance and the animal skins the Inuit were wearing.
g. How did Amundsen 'talk' to the Eskimos?
Answer: He used friendly gestures, signs, and eventually learned their language while living among them to communicate.
These questions are more challenging. Discuss it first.
h. How did Amundsen die?
Answer: He disappeared in June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission to find a missing airship crew in the Arctic.
i. Amundsen said, 'Victory awaits him who has everything in order.' Explain what he meant by it.
Answer: He meant that success depends on meticulous preparation. By planning for every detail—food, transport, and gear—one can overcome obstacles that would defeat someone less prepared.
j. Write a short summary of the given main text:
Roald Amundsen was a determined explorer who achieved great success through careful planning and hard work. Although his mother wanted him to become a doctor, he chose exploration. He prepared himself by learning survival skills and studying cold environments. Despite many challenges, he successfully crossed the Northwest
Passage and reached the North Pole. His life shows that preparation and discipline lead.
Challenge
What do you know about climate change? Find out and make a list of at least four facts about it.
• Rising Temperatures: The Earth's average temperature has risen significantly over the past century due to greenhouse gas emissions.
• Melting Ice: Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting rapidly, which contributes to rising sea levels.
• Extreme Weather: Climate change leads to more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves.
• Ocean Acidification: The oceans absorb a large portion of CO2, making the water more acidic and harming marine life like coral reefs.
2. Mark these statements as true or false. Rewrite the ones that are false, correctly.
• a. Scurvy is caused by a lack of Vitamin C.
• True
• b. Getting to the North Pole was easy.
• False: Getting to the North Pole was extremely difficult and dangerous.
• c. Amundsen was the first person to be able to claim that he had been to both Poles.
• True
• d. It is always dark at the South Pole.
• False: It is not always dark; the South Pole experiences six months of daylight and six months of darkness.
• e. The North Pole is not on land.
• True (It is located on shifting sea ice over the Arctic Ocean).
• f. No animals live near the North Pole.
• False: Animals like polar bears, seals, and arctic foxes live near the North Pole.
3. Answer the following questions with reference to context.
"Some other 'two-legged caribou' joined the first, until five figures were outlined against the sky."
• i. What were the 'two-legged caribou'?
• The "two-legged caribou" refers to the Inuit people dressed in caribou skins.
• ii. How many people were on Amundsen's side?
• There were five people in Amundsen's party.
"Their leader, seeing this pacific move, imitated it by turning to his followers and uttering a command."
• i. What is meant by the phrase 'pacific move'?
• A "pacific move" refers to a peaceful gesture or action intended to show that they meant no harm.
• ii. How did the Inuit respond?
• The leader of the Inuit imitated the peaceful gesture and gave a command to his followers to act peaceably as well.
1. Find out what these words mean and use each one in a sentence.
• a. steadfastly: In a resolute or unwavering manner.
• Sentence: He steadfastly refused to give up on his dream of reaching the Pole.
• b. ostentatiously: In a pretentious or showy way designed to impress.
• Sentence: The explorer ostentatiously displayed his medals to the crowd.
• c. pacific: Peaceful in character or intent.
• Sentence: They approached the strange tribe with a pacific attitude to avoid conflict.
• d. reciprocate: To respond to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one.
• Sentence: When the Inuit waved, the explorers were quick to reciprocate the friendly greeting.
4. Comparing the Poles
Write four sentences comparing the North and South Poles using "is ______ than".
• The South Pole is colder than the North Pole.
• The North Pole is warmer than the South Pole.
• The South Pole is windier than the North Pole.
• The North Pole is less windy than the South Pole.
Definition of Proverb
A proverb is a short, well-known saying that gives advice or expresses a general truth based on experience. Mostly, proverbs are used exactly the same.
They have a fixed form, and changing words can make them.
Examples:
[ ] Honesty is the best policy.
[ ] Practice makes perfect.
[ ] Look before you leap.
Question 2 – Complete the Proverbs
a. The early bird catches the worm.
b. Look before you leap.
c. Learn to walk before you run.
d. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
e. You may lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
Question 3 – Proverbs Explanation (example answers)
You only need to choose one, but I’ll explain a few so you can pick:
1. Look before you leap
Meaning: Think carefully before taking action.
Example:
Ali invested money without checking the company and lost it. He learned to look before he leaps.
Q. 4. Homographs
Homographs = "Homo"same + "graph" writing → words that are spelled the same but may have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciation.
2 Main kinds of homographs
1. Homonyms
Part of homographs where words are spelled the same AND sound the same*, but meanings differ.
Definition: Same spelling + same pronunciation + different meaning
Examples:
- Bank → _river bank_ vs. _money bank_
- Bark → _tree bark_ vs. _dog’s bark_
- Bat → _cricket bat_ vs. _flying bat_
2. Heteronyms
Part of homographs where words are spelled the same BUT sound different, and meanings differ.
Definition: Same spelling + different pronunciation + different meaning
Examples:
- Lead → /liːd/ _to guide_ vs. /lɛd/ _metal_
- Tear → /tɪər/ _drop from eye_ vs. /tɛər/ _to rip_
- Wind → /wɪnd/ _moving air_ vs. /waɪnd/ _to turn_
C. Parts of speech
There are 8 Parts for Speech
1. Noun
Definition: Names a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Ali went to school.
- We visited Islamabad last month.
- Honesty is the best policy.
2. Pronoun
Definition: Used in place of a noun so you don’t repeat it.
- She is my best friend.
- The teacher gave us homework.
- This is my pen.
3. Verb
Definition: Shows action or a state of being.
- The baby cries loudly.
- They are happy today.
- I wrote a letter to my uncle.
4. Adjective
Definition: Describes or tells more about a noun or pronoun.
- It was a cold day.
- She has three pencils.
- The beautiful flower bloomed.
5. Adverb
Definition: Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Tells how, when, where, or how much.
- He speaks softly.
- We will leave tomorrow.
- She is very smart.
6. Preposition
Definition: Shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to another word. Usually tells position, time, or direction.
- The cat is under the table.
- We met after lunch.
- He came with his brother.
7. Conjunction
Definition: Joins words, phrases, or sentences.
- I like tea and coffee.
- She was tired, but she kept working.
- Call me if you need help.
8. Interjection
Definition: A short word that shows strong feeling or reaction. Often has an exclamation mark.
- Wow! What a great idea.
- Ouch! That hurt.
- Hurray! We won the match.
2. Write the following underlined words in your notebook and give the function of each.
Example: This ship sailed across the wide ocean.
Ship (noun) is the name of a thing; wide (adjective) describes the ocean.
• a. The yellow snake crawled out of a hole.
Snake (noun) is the name of a living thing; yellow (adjective) describes the snake.
• b. Shoaib is the director of a large company.
Shoaib (noun) is the name of a person; large (adjective) describes the company.
• c. The tap was leaking yesterday.
Tap (noun) is the name of a thing; leaking (verb) describes the action or state of the tap.
• d. She came to see me in the morning.
She (pronoun) takes the place of a noun; morning (noun) is the name of a time of day.
• e. The birds and the animals are fed well.
Birds (noun) are the name of living things; well (adverb) describes how they are fed.
• f. Early one morning I saw a beautiful peacock in the forest.
Peacock (noun) is the name of a bird; beautiful (adjective) describes the peacock.
• g. Oh! Is that your new car?
Oh! (interjection) expresses a sudden feeling; car (noun) is the name of a thing.
Types of Adjectives:
There are six main types of adjectives:
1. Descriptive/Qualitative Adjectives
Examples:
beautiful, tall, happy, red, brave, large, big, dull, amazing
Sentences:
• She is a beautiful girl.
• The tall tree touched the sky.
• He felt happy after winning the match.
• The boy wore a red shirt.
•
2. Distributive Adjectives
Examples (words):
each, every, either, neither
Sentences:
• Each student received a prize.
• Every child must complete the work.
• You can take either pen.
• Neither answer is correct.
3. Demonstrative Adjectives
Examples:
this, that, these, those
Sentences:
• This book is very interesting.
• That car is expensive.
• These apples are fresh.
• Those houses are old.
4. Quantitative Adjectives:
Examples:
some, much, little, enough, no, any, few, none, ten, five,
Sentences:
• I have some water.
• There is little milk in the glass.
• He does not have much patience.
• We have enough food for everyone.
5. Interrogative Adjectives
Examples:
which, what, whose
Sentences:
• Which book do you like?
• What subject do you study?
• Whose bag is this?
• Which road leads to the school?
6. Possessive Adjectives
Examples:
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Sentences:
• This is my house.
• Her dress is very beautiful.
• They completed their homework.
• We love our country.
Q. 3. Underline all the Adjectives in the following sentences:
a. The dangerous animal roamed about in the thick forest.
b. She brushed her hair with a yellow and red brush.
c. His grey-haired father was a delightful companion.
d. This house is big but that hut is small.
e. Our children play amusing games every day after dinner.
f. We have four books for every boy in our section.
g. The poor man was blind.
An
A Polar Explotlrer comprehension & exercise. 6th class chapter 3.
A COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the following questions.
a. What did Amundsen's mother want him to be? Did he follow her wishes?
Answer: His mother wanted him to be a doctor. He initially followed her wishes by studying medicine, but he quit after she passed away to pursue his dream of being an explorer.
b. What gave Amundsen the inspiration to be an explorer? How did he prepare for this as a child and as an adult?
Answer: He was inspired by the adventures of British explorer Sir John Franklin. As a child, he slept with his windows open in the freezing winter to toughen himself. As an adult, he lived with the Inuit (Eskimos) to learn essential survival skills.
c. What key skills did Amundsen learn about survival? Look at the fourth and sixth paragraphs.
Answer: He learned how to use sled dogs for transport, how to wear animal skins to stay warm, and how to hunt for fresh meat to prevent scurvy.
d. What made it difficult to pass through the Northwest Passage? What helped Amundsen achieve it?
Answer: The passage was difficult due to shallow waters, shifting ice, and extreme cold. Amundsen succeeded by using a small, shallow-draft boat (the Gjøa) and applying the survival skills he learned from the Inuit.
e. When did Amundsen get to the North Pole?
Answer: He reached the North Pole by airship (the Norge) in 1926.
f. What did Amundsen's companions mistake the Eskimos for? Why?
Answer: They initially mistook them for caribou (reindeer) because of the distance and the animal skins the Inuit were wearing.
g. How did Amundsen 'talk' to the Eskimos?
Answer: He used friendly gestures, signs, and eventually learned their language while living among them to communicate.
These questions are more challenging. Discuss it first.
h. How did Amundsen die?
Answer: He disappeared in June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission to find a missing airship crew in the Arctic.
i. Amundsen said, 'Victory awaits him who has everything in order.' Explain what he meant by it.
Answer: He meant that success depends on meticulous preparation. By planning for every detail—food, transport, and gear—one can overcome obstacles that would defeat someone less prepared.
j. Write a short summary of the given main text:
Roald Amundsen was a determined explorer who achieved great success through careful planning and hard work. Although his mother wanted him to become a doctor, he chose exploration. He prepared himself by learning survival skills and studying cold environments. Despite many challenges, he successfully crossed the Northwest
Passage and reached the North Pole. His life shows that preparation and discipline lead.
Challenge
What do you know about climate change? Find out and make a list of at least four facts about it.
• Rising Temperatures: The Earth's average temperature has risen significantly over the past century due to greenhouse gas emissions.
• Melting Ice: Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting rapidly, which contributes to rising sea levels.
• Extreme Weather: Climate change leads to more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves.
• Ocean Acidification: The oceans absorb a large portion of CO2, making the water more acidic and harming marine life like coral reefs.
2. Mark these statements as true or false. Rewrite the ones that are false, correctly.
• a. Scurvy is caused by a lack of Vitamin C.
• True
• b. Getting to the North Pole was easy.
• False: Getting to the North Pole was extremely difficult and dangerous.
• c. Amundsen was the first person to be able to claim that he had been to both Poles.
• True
• d. It is always dark at the South Pole.
• False: It is not always dark; the South Pole experiences six months of daylight and six months of darkness.
• e. The North Pole is not on land.
• True (It is located on shifting sea ice over the Arctic Ocean).
• f. No animals live near the North Pole.
• False: Animals like polar bears, seals, and arctic foxes live near the North Pole.
3. Answer the following questions with reference to context.
"Some other 'two-legged caribou' joined the first, until five figures were outlined against the sky."
• i. What were the 'two-legged caribou'?
• The "two-legged caribou" refers to the Inuit people dressed in caribou skins.
• ii. How many people were on Amundsen's side?
• There were five people in Amundsen's party.
"Their leader, seeing this pacific move, imitated it by turning to his followers and uttering a command."
• i. What is meant by the phrase 'pacific move'?
• A "pacific move" refers to a peaceful gesture or action intended to show that they meant no harm.
• ii. How did the Inuit respond?
• The leader of the Inuit imitated the peaceful gesture and gave a command to his followers to act peaceably as well.
1. Find out what these words mean and use each one in a sentence.
• a. steadfastly: In a resolute or unwavering manner.
• Sentence: He steadfastly refused to give up on his dream of reaching the Pole.
• b. ostentatiously: In a pretentious or showy way designed to impress.
• Sentence: The explorer ostentatiously displayed his medals to the crowd.
• c. pacific: Peaceful in character or intent.
• Sentence: They approached the strange tribe with a pacific attitude to avoid conflict.
• d. reciprocate: To respond to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one.
• Sentence: When the Inuit waved, the explorers were quick to reciprocate the friendly greeting.
4. Comparing the Poles
Write four sentences comparing the North and South Poles using "is ______ than".
• The South Pole is colder than the North Pole.
• The North Pole is warmer than the South Pole.
• The South Pole is windier than the North Pole.
• The North Pole is less windy than the South Pole.
Definition of Proverb
A proverb is a short, well-known saying that gives advice or expresses a general truth based on experience. Mostly, proverbs are used exactly the same.
They have a fixed form, and changing words can make them.
Examples:
[ ] Honesty is the best policy.
[ ] Practice makes perfect.
[ ] Look before you leap.
Question 2 – Complete the Proverbs
a. The early bird catches the worm.
b. Look before you leap.
c. Learn to walk before you run.
d. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
e. You may lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
Question 3 – Proverbs Explanation (example answers)
You only need to choose one, but I’ll explain a few so you can pick:
1. Look before you leap
Meaning: Think carefully before taking action.
Example:
Ali invested money without checking the company and lost it. He learned to look before he leaps.
Q. 4. Homographs
Homographs = "Homo"same + "graph" writing → words that are spelled the same but may have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciation.
2 Main kinds of homographs
1. Homonyms
Part of homographs where words are spelled the same AND sound the same*, but meanings differ.
Definition: Same spelling + same pronunciation + different meaning
Examples:
- Bank → _river bank_ vs. _money bank_
- Bark → _tree bark_ vs. _dog’s bark_
- Bat → _cricket bat_ vs. _flying bat_
2. Heteronyms
Part of homographs where words are spelled the same BUT sound different, and meanings differ.
Definition: Same spelling + different pronunciation + different meaning
Examples:
- Lead → /liːd/ _to guide_ vs. /lɛd/ _metal_
- Tear → /tɪər/ _drop from eye_ vs. /tɛər/ _to rip_
- Wind → /wɪnd/ _moving air_ vs. /waɪnd/ _to turn_
C. Parts of speech
There are 8 Parts for Speech
1. Noun
Definition: Names a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Ali went to school.
- We visited Islamabad last month.
- Honesty is the best policy.
2. Pronoun
Definition: Used in place of a noun so you don’t repeat it.
- She is my best friend.
- The teacher gave us homework.
- This is my pen.
3. Verb
Definition: Shows action or a state of being.
- The baby cries loudly.
- They are happy today.
- I wrote a letter to my uncle.
4. Adjective
Definition: Describes or tells more about a noun or pronoun.
- It was a cold day.
- She has three pencils.
- The beautiful flower bloomed.
5. Adverb
Definition: Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Tells how, when, where, or how much.
- He speaks softly.
- We will leave tomorrow.
- She is very smart.
6. Preposition
Definition: Shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to another word. Usually tells position, time, or direction.
- The cat is under the table.
- We met after lunch.
- He came with his brother.
7. Conjunction
Definition: Joins words, phrases, or sentences.
- I like tea and coffee.
- She was tired, but she kept working.
- Call me if you need help.
8. Interjection
Definition: A short word that shows strong feeling or reaction. Often has an exclamation mark.
- Wow! What a great idea.
- Ouch! That hurt.
- Hurray! We won the match.
2. Write the following underlined words in your notebook and give the function of each.
Example: This ship sailed across the wide ocean.
Ship (noun) is the name of a thing; wide (adjective) describes the ocean.
• a. The yellow snake crawled out of a hole.
Snake (noun) is the name of a living thing; yellow (adjective) describes the snake.
• b. Shoaib is the director of a large company.
Shoaib (noun) is the name of a person; large (adjective) describes the company.
• c. The tap was leaking yesterday.
Tap (noun) is the name of a thing; leaking (verb) describes the action or state of the tap.
• d. She came to see me in the morning.
She (pronoun) takes the place of a noun; morning (noun) is the name of a time of day.
• e. The birds and the animals are fed well.
Birds (noun) are the name of living things; well (adverb) describes how they are fed.
• f. Early one morning I saw a beautiful peacock in the forest.
Peacock (noun) is the name of a bird; beautiful (adjective) describes the peacock.
• g. Oh! Is that your new car?
Oh! (interjection) expresses a sudden feeling; car (noun) is the name of a thing.
Types of Adjectives:
There are six main types of adjectives:
1. Descriptive/Qualitative Adjectives
Examples:
beautiful, tall, happy, red, brave, large, big, dull, amazing
Sentences:
• She is a beautiful girl.
• The tall tree touched the sky.
• He felt happy after winning the match.
• The boy wore a red shirt.
•
2. Distributive Adjectives
Examples (words):
each, every, either, neither
Sentences:
• Each student received a prize.
• Every child must complete the work.
• You can take either pen.
• Neither answer is correct.
3. Demonstrative Adjectives
Examples:
this, that, these, those
Sentences:
• This book is very interesting.
• That car is expensive.
• These apples are fresh.
• Those houses are old.
4. Quantitative Adjectives:
Examples:
some, much, little, enough, no, any, few, none, ten, five,
Sentences:
• I have some water.
• There is little milk in the glass.
• He does not have much patience.
• We have enough food for everyone.
5. Interrogative Adjectives
Examples:
which, what, whose
Sentences:
• Which book do you like?
• What subject do you study?
• Whose bag is this?
• Which road leads to the school?
6. Possessive Adjectives
Examples:
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Sentences:
• This is my house.
• Her dress is very beautiful.
• They completed their homework.
• We love our country.
Q. 3. Underline all the Adjectives in the following sentences:
a. The dangerous animal roamed about in the thick forest.
b. She brushed her hair with a yellow and red brush.
c. His grey-haired father was a delightful companion.
d. This house is big but that hut is small.
e. Our children play amusing games every day after dinner.
f. We have four books for every boy in our section.
g. The poor man was blind.
Answers:
These following are Adjectives
a. dangerous, thick
b. her, yellow, red
c. his, grey-haired, delightful
d. this, big, that, small
e. our, amusing
f. four, every, our
g. poor (and also “blind” is an adjective, but used after the verb)swers:
These following are Adjectives
a. dangerous, thick
b. her, yellow, red
c. his, grey-haired, delightful
d. this, big, that, small
e. our, amusing
f. four, every, our
g. poor (and also “blind” is an adjective, but used after the verb)
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