Direct Indirect (Narration) Part: 2. Reporting Verb/Universal Truth


 If Reporting Verb is in Present/Future Tense the Reporting Speech will not Change:

If the reporting verb is in present tense or future tense then the tense of the reported speech remains unchanged.

Note: just change of the pronoun



Direct: She says, "I am going.”

Indirect: She says that she is going.



Reporting verb is in present/future  Reporting speech verb unchanged

                       

                          Direct: She says,  "I am going.”

                          Indirect: She says that she is going.


                         Direct: She will say, "I am going.

                         Indirect: She will say that she is going.


                        Direct: She says, "I love reading books."

                        Indirect: She says that she loves reading books.


Direct: He says, "I am going to the market."
Indirect: He says that he is going to the market.


Direct: They say, "We have completed our homework."
Indirect: They say that they have completed their homework.

Direct: My friend will say, "I visited my grandparents last week."
Indirect: My friend will say that he visited his grandparents last week.

Direct: She says, "I can solve this problem."
Indirect: She says that she can solve this problem.

Direct: He will say, "I need some help with my project."
Indirect: He will say that he needs some help with his project.

Direct: They will say, "We are enjoying the party."
Indirect: They will say that they are enjoying the party.

Direct: The doctor says, "You should drink more water."
Indirect: The doctor says that I should drink more water.

Direct: She will say, "I have been working hard for this exam."
Indirect: She will say that she has been working hard for this exam.


If the reported speech has a universal truth or a habitual action, the tense of the reported speech usually remains unchanged.


Note: No matter whatever the reporting verb tense is.

Direct: He said, "Man is mortal.”

Indirect: He said that man is mortal.


Direct: The teacher says, "The sun rises in the east."
Indirect: The teacher says that the sun rises in the east.

Direct: He said, "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."
Indirect: He said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Direct: She said, "The Earth revolves around the sun."
Indirect: She said that the Earth revolves around the sun.


Direct: The professor says, "Gravity pulls objects toward the Earth."
Indirect: The professor says that gravity pulls objects toward the Earth.

Direct: My dad said, "Honesty is the best policy."
Indirect: My dad said that honesty is the best policy.

Direct: The scientist said, "Plants need sunlight to grow."
Indirect: The scientist said that plants need sunlight to grow.

Direct: He says, "I brush my teeth every morning."
Indirect: He says that he brushes his teeth every morning.

Direct: She said, "I go to the gym every day."
Indirect: She said that she goes to the gym every day.

Direct: The coach said, "Practice makes a person perfect."
Indirect: The coach said that practice makes a person perfect.

Direct: He says, "The moon affects ocean tides."
Indirect: He says that the moon affects ocean tides.

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