Gerunds
A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions in a sentence as
a noun. Although both the present participle and the gerund are formed
by adding -ing to a verb, the participle does the job of an adjective while
the gerund does the job of a noun.
Examples
Jumping is fun.
He liked skiing.
He had a unique way of whistling.
She likes cooking.
Walking is a good exercise.
Swimming is good for health.
Infinitive
An infinitive is a verb form—often preceded by 'to'—that can function as a
noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Examples
To jump is fun.
I like to ski.
She had a suggestion to offer.
Participles
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective to modify nouns
and pronouns. It can end in "-ing," "-ed," or other irregular forms.
Examples
Holding the torch steadily, Jenny approached the monster.
The dancing parrots entertained the crowd.
The wrecked sailboat washed up on shore.
Q 1. For each of the following sentences, decide if the word or phrase
in italics is a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive.
1. They complimented me on my singing. (G)
2. Jenny likes to dance in the rain. (infinitive)
3. There are many ways of cooking this dish. (participle)
4. A broken heart will mend over time. (participle)
5. "Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit family in another
city." -George Burns. (participles)
6. Traveling is good for the mind. (G)
7. To arrive on time, Sam took the metro. (infinitive)
8. We do not have the funding to build the proposed sports facility. (infinitive)
9. The students were confused by the professor's lecture. (participle)
10. He agreed to wait for a better time. (infinitive)
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