Ought to/ Dear to
Construct sentences from the following:
Read the following sentences:
You ought to finish soon.
You should finish soon.
They oughtn't to (ought not) worry the little baby
They shouldn't (should not) worry the little baby.
a. I went to see a film last night. I had to do my work.
I went to see a film last night, but I ought to have done my homework.
I went to see a film last night, but I should have done my homework.
b. They came to visit me. They had to be at work.
They came to visit me, but they ought to have been at work.
They came to visit me, but they should have been at work.
c. We played tennis. We had to finish writing the report.
We played tennis, but we ought to have finished writing the report.
We played tennis, but we should have finished writing the report.
d. He spent all his money. He had to pay some debts.
He spent all his money, but he ought to have paid some debts.
He spent all his money, but he should have paid some debts.
e. She had to feed the chickens. She lay in the sun.
She lay in the sun, but she ought to have fed the chickens.
She lay in the sun, but she should have fed the chickens.
The following sentences are also correct:
She ought to have fed the chickens, but she lay in the sun.
She should have fed the chickens, but she lay in the sun.
2. Rewrite the sentences using ought not to have or should not have
a. She was wrong to tease her younger brother.
She ought not to have / should not have teased her younger brother
She ought not to have teased her younger brother.
She should not have teased her younger brother.
(She should not have teased her younger brother because he might break
her toys).
b. It was wrong of him to eat all the fruit.
He ought not to have / should not have eaten all the fruit.
He ought not to have eaten all the fruit.
He should not have eaten all the fruit.
(He ought not to have eaten all the fruit because the others had nothing to eat ).
(He should not have eaten all the fruit because the others had nothing to eat ).
c. They were unwise to start on their journey so late.
They ought not to have / should not have started their journey so late.
They ought not to have started their journey so late.
They should not have started their journey so late.
(They ought not to have started their journey so late because they arrived after dark).
(They should not have started their journey so late because they arrived after dark).
d. It was not a good thing for you to spend all your money.
You ought not to have / should not have spent all your money.
You ought not to have spent all your money.
You should not have spent all your money.
(You ought not to have spent all your money because you had nothing left for food).
(You should not have spent all your money because you had nothing left for food).
e. I wish you had not left the front door open.
You ought not to have / should not have left the front door open.
You ought not to have left the front door open.
You should not have left the front door open.
(You ought not to have left the front door open because a mouse entered the house).
(You should not have left the front door open because a mouse entered the house).
f. The boys were unkind to shout at me like that.
The boys ought not to have / should not have shouted at me like that.
The boys ought not to have shouted at me like that.
The boys should not have shouted at me like that.
(The boys ought not to have shouted at me like that because they hurt my feelings).
(The boys should not have shouted at me like that because they hurt my feelings).
Following are some natural past consequences:
Both sentences express:
Past mistake: You left the front door open.
Past consequence: A thief entered the house.
1. You ought not to have left the front door open because a thief entered the house.
2. You should not have left the front door open because a thief entered the house.
Meaning:
You left the door open.
A thief actually entered the house.
Both events happened in the past.
More examples:
You ought not to have left the front door open because someone stole your bicycle.
You should not have left the front door open because the dog ran outside.
You ought not to have left the front door open because the house became cold.
You should not have left the front door open because insects came into the house.
You ought not to have left the front door open because the cat escaped.
You should not have left the front door open because your belongings were stolen.
Urdu translations. In these sentences, the consequences are actual past
events, not possibilities.
You ought not to have left the front door open because a thief entered the house.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ ایک چور گھر میں داخل ہو گیا تھا۔
You should not have left the front door open because a thief entered the house.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ ایک چور گھر میں داخل ہو گیا تھا۔
You ought not to have left the front door open because someone stole your bicycle.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ کسی نے تمہاری سائیکل چوری کر لی تھی۔
You should not have left the front door open because the dog ran outside.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ کتا باہر بھاگ گیا تھا۔
You ought not to have left the front door open because the house became cold.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ گھر ٹھنڈا ہو گیا تھا۔
You should not have left the front door open because insects came into the house.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ کیڑے مکوڑے گھر کے اندر آ گئے تھے۔
You ought not to have left the front door open because the cat escaped.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ بلی بھاگ گئی تھی۔
You should not have left the front door open because your belongings were stolen.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ تمہارا سامان چوری ہو گیا تھا۔
Important difference
2. Possible consequence (the thief may have entered)
You should not have left the front door open because a thief might have entered the house.
You ought not to have left the front door open because a thief entered the house.
Meaning: (in both sentences)
You left the door open.
It is possible that a thief entered the house, but you are not sure.
And it has not happened yet.
You ought not to have left the front door open because someone might have stolen your bicycle.
You should not have left the front door open because the dog might have run outside.
You ought not to have left the front door open because the house might have become cold.
You should not have left the front door open because insects might have come into the house.
You ought not to have left the front door open because the cat might have escaped.
You should not have left the front door open because your belongings might have been stolen.
In Urdu Translation:
1. You ought not to have left the front door open because someone might have stolen your bicycle.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ شاید کوئی تمہاری سائیکل چوری کر گیا ہو۔
2. You should not have left the front door open because the dog might have run outside.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ شاید کتا باہر نکل گیا ہو۔
3. You ought not to have left the front door open because the house might have become cold.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ شاید گھر ٹھنڈا ہو گیا ہو۔
4. You should not have left the front door open because insects might have come into the house.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ شاید کیڑے مکوڑے گھر میں آ گئے ہوں۔
5. You ought not to have left the front door open because the cat might have escaped.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ شاید بلی بھاگ گئی ہو۔
6. You should not have left the front door open because your belongings might have been stolen.
تمہیں سامنے کا دروازہ کھلا نہیں چھوڑنا چاہیے تھا کیونکہ شاید تمہارا سامان چوری ہو گیا ہو۔
3. Use dare / dared, to show indignation
a. I am angry with him for telling a lie.
How dare he tell a lie?
b. I am angry with her because she told a lie.
How dare she tell a lie?
c. I am indignant because she broke my pen.
How dare she break my pen?
d. I am indignant at them for throwing their rubbish in my garden.
How dare they throw their rubbish in my garden?
e. I am annoyed with you for looking at me like that.
How dare you look at me like that?
Note: "How dare..." to express anger, annoyance, or indignation.
Dared (Simple past of the ordinary verb dare)
This is used in statements, not in exclamations of indignation.
Examples:
He dared to tell a lie.
She dared to argue with the teacher.
They dared to climb the mountain.
4. Fill in the blanks with dare or dared to. Use not where necessary
a. The children were so frightened, they did not dare to complain to their teacher.
b. Dare we go to the edge of the rock?
c. She doesn’t dare say anything to her father about the picnic tomorrow.
d. At the meeting yesterday, nobody dared to challenge the main speaker.
e. The men lost two boats last week; dare they try to go out to sea in rough weather like this?
f. The prisoners did not dare to move because the guards were ordered to shoot them if they did.
g. The headmaster may be very busy at the moment, dare we interrupt him?
h. She does not dare to enter the yard for fear of being bitten by the dog.
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