B: WORKING WITH WORDS
1. Use the following words in sentences of your own
a. in the small hours = رات کے آخری پہر
I was studying in the small hours before my exam.
b. drawing near = قریب آنا
The winter holidays are drawing near.
c. trifling with = مذاق کرنا / کھیلنا
You should not be trifling with your studies.
d. without doubt = بلاشبہ
Without doubt, honesty is the best policy.
e. no sooner had = جیسے ہی
No sooner had I reached home than it started raining.
f. circumstances = حالات
We must face the circumstances bravely.
g. ambition = عزائم / مقصد
His ambition is to become a doctor.
h. odious good taste = برا لگنے والا اچھا ذوق
He showed his odious good taste by insulting the host at the party.
2. Find words from the story and use them
a. a period of reflection or thought = meditation
He sat in meditation before making a big decision.
b. broken into pieces = shattered
The glass fell and was shattered on the floor.
c. serious = grave
The doctor spoke in a grave tone about the patient.
d. a person's height = stature
Dr. Jekyll was a man of good stature and character.
e. a state of great comfort and often expense = luxury
They lived in luxury in a big mansion.
f. a small piece of coal or wood that is glowing in a dying fire = ember
An ember was still glowing in the fireplace.
3. Explain the following proverbs
a. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Meaning: If you only work and never relax, you become boring.
Urdu: صرف کام اور کوئی تفریح نہ ہو تو انسان بور ہو جاتا ہے۔
b. As you make your bed so must you lie in it.
Meaning: You must face the results of your own actions.
Urdu: جیسا کرو گے ویسا بھرو گے۔
c. Honesty is the best policy.
Meaning: It is always best to be truthful.
Urdu: سچائی سب سے اچھی پالیسی ہے۔
d. Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
Meaning: Don't make a small problem seem like a big one.
Urdu: رائی کا پہاڑ نہ بناؤ۔
e. Don't put the cart before the horse.
Meaning: Do things in the right order.
Urdu: کام کو ترتیب سے کرو۔
f. Half a loaf is better than no bread.
Meaning: It is better to have a little than nothing at all.
Urdu: کچھ نہ ہونے سے تھوڑا ہونا بہتر ہے۔
4. Match the proverbs with the correct explanations
Proverbs from previous page:
1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
2. As you make your bed so must you lie in it.
3. Honesty is the best policy.
4. Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
5. Don't put the cart before the horse.
6. Half a loaf is better than no bread.
Answers:
a. We should deal with things in the right order. → 5. Don't put the cart before the horse.
b. Each one must bear the consequences of his own actions. → 2. As you make your bed so must you lie in it.
c. We should be thankful for what we receive, even if less. → 6. Half a loaf is better than no bread.
d. One should spend some time on relaxation. → 1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
e. Don't treat unimportant matters as being too important. → 4. Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
f. In the long run being honest will bring more profit. → 3. Honesty is the best policy.
C. LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE - SUFFIXES
1. Add -ed, -ing, and -ence to words ending in -fer
Rule: If 'fer' is stressed → double 'r'. If not stressed → don't double.
Base Word + -ed + -ing + -ence
transfer transferred transferring transference
infer inferred inferring inference
defer deferred deferring deference
confer conferred conferring conference
refer referred referring reference
2. Add -ly to adjectives to make adverbs
Adjective Adverb
necessary necessarily
naughty naughtily
satisfactory satisfactorily
merry merrily
angry angrily
cosy cosily
voluntary voluntarily
cheery cheerily
ordinary ordinarily
happy happily
noisy noisily
temporary temporarily
3. Add -ous to nouns to make adjectives
Noun Adjective
luxury luxurious
fury furious
mystery mysterious
injury injurious
industry industrious
melody melodious
glory glorious
4. Suitable nouns for the adjectives above
1. luxurious → luxurious hotel, luxurious lifestyle
2. furious → furious driver, furious storm
3. mysterious → mysterious person, mysterious sound
4. injurious → injurious habit, injurious chemical
5. industrious → industrious student, industrious worker
6. melodious → melodious song, melodious voice
7. glorious → glorious victory, glorious day
